Hari 3: Operator — Aritmatika, Perbandingan & Logika

Operator Aritmatika

a, b = 17, 5

print(a + b)    # 22  — penjumlahan
print(a - b)    # 12  — pengurangan
print(a * b)    # 85  — perkalian
print(a / b)    # 3.4 — pembagian (selalu float)
print(a // b)   # 3   — floor division (buang desimal)
print(a % b)    # 2   — modulo (sisa bagi)
print(a ** b)   # 1419857 — pangkat
print(-a)       # -17 — negasi

Augmented Assignment

x = 10
x += 5   # x = x + 5  → 15
x -= 3   # x = x - 3  → 12
x *= 2   # x = x * 2  → 24
x //= 5  # x = x // 5 → 4
x **= 3  # x = x ** 3 → 64
x %= 10  # x = x % 10 → 4

Operator Perbandingan

Selalu menghasilkan True atau False.

print(5 == 5)   # True  — sama dengan
print(5 != 3)   # True  — tidak sama
print(5 > 3)    # True  — lebih besar
print(5 < 3)    # False — lebih kecil
print(5 >= 5)   # True  — lebih besar/sama
print(5 <= 4)   # False — lebih kecil/sama

# Chaining perbandingan (fitur unik Python)
x = 15
print(10 < x < 20)   # True
print(1 < 2 < 3 < 4) # True

Operator Logika

p, q = True, False

print(p and q)  # False — keduanya harus True
print(p or q)   # True  — salah satu True
print(not p)    # False — negasi

# Short-circuit evaluation
print(False and (1/0))  # False (tidak evaluasi kanan)
print(True  or  (1/0))  # True  (tidak evaluasi kanan)

# Nilai falsy di Python: 0, "", [], {}, None, False
print(bool(0))     # False
print(bool(""))    # False
print(bool([]))    # False
print(bool("hai")) # True
print(bool(42))    # True

Operator Identitas & Keanggotaan

# is / is not — cek identitas objek (bukan nilai)
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
c = [1, 2, 3]
print(a is b)   # True  — objek sama
print(a is c)   # False — nilai sama, objek beda
print(a == c)   # True  — nilai sama

# in / not in — cek keanggotaan
buah = ["apel", "mangga", "jeruk"]
print("apel" in buah)      # True
print("pisang" not in buah) # True
print("y" in "Python")      # True